The natural property of rock material, whether impact occurs, is the key influencing factor of the occurrence of rock burst disaster. To accurately assess rock burst proneness, this study focuses on typical sandstone as the research object. Uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests were conducted to measure the elastic strain energy accumulated in sandstone under different stress levels and a relationship between elastic strain energy and stress level was established. The results show that: (1) The peak stress under cyclic loading and unloading conditions is slightly lower than the uniaxial compressive strength. With an increase in the number of cycles, the internal damage of sandstone continues to accumulate, and the mechanical properties such as compressive strength continue to deteriorate; (2) With an increase in stress, the input strain energy, elastic strain energy, and dissipated strain energy also increase; (3) When the stress is low, the increase in elastic strain energy is large and shows a steady growth; with an increase in stress, the increase of elastic strain energy decreases; (4) The square of stress at any time has a good linear relationship with elastic strain energy. According to the relationship obtained from the test, the elastic strain energy at the peak stress time can be obtained; (5) A new criterion for assessing rock burst proneness is proposed: residual energy release rate index WT, which characterizes the energy release per unit time when the rock burst occurs. The intervals for evaluating the rock burst proneness of the residual energy release rate index WT are as follows: WT <0.025, indicating no rock burst proneness; 0.025≤ WT <0.15, indicating weak rock burst proneness; 0.15≤ WT <2, indicating medium rock burst proneness; WT >2, indicating strong rock burst proneness; and (6) The rationality of the proposed residual energy release rate index WT is verified by the multi-index method and the multi-sample method, and the proposed residual energy release rate index is used to determine the rock burst proneness of 10 kinds of rock samples. The evaluation accuracy is shown to be high, and it can reflect the actual rock burst proneness

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Keywords: Energy storage law, Rock burst proneness, Rock-burst criterion, Elastic strain energy, Residual energy release rate, Rationality verification