JRMGE / Vol 14 / Issue 1

Article

Deformation-based support design for highly stressed ground with a focus on rockburst damage mitigation

P.K. Kaiser, A. Moss

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a Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
b GeoK Inc. 680 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 6H5, Canada
c Sonal Mining Technology Inc., 2488 Shadbolt Lane, West Vancouver, BC, V7S 3J1, Canada


2022, 14(1): 50-66. doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.05.007


Received: 2021-01-03 / Revised: 2021-03-28 / Accepted: 2021-05-09 / Available online: 2021-08-11

2022, 14(1): 50-66.

doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.05.007


Received: 2021-01-03

Revised: 2021-03-28

Accepted: 2021-05-09

Available online: 2021-08-11


Abstract:

As mines go deeper, mine designs become more fragile and effective rock support becomes a strategic element for ground control to facilitate timely construction and cost-effective access for uninterrupted production. This article focuses on the design of integrated support systems for brittle ground when large displacements due to gradual bulking of stress-fractured rock or sudden violent bulking during rockbursts are induced by static and dynamic loading. It provides an overview of support design principles for a rational approach to ground control in deep mines when large deformations are anticipated near excavations. Such designs must not only account for load equilibrium but also for deformation compatibility. Most importantly, the design approach must account for the fact that the support's displacement capacity is being consumed as it is deformed after support installation. It is therefore necessary to design for the remnant support capacity, i.e. the capacity remaining when the support is needed. Furthermore, if the support capacity can be consumed, it can also be restored by means of preventive support maintenance (PSM). The PSM concept for cost-effective ground control is introduced and illustrated by quantitative and operational evidence. Contrary to other design approaches, the deformation-based support design (DBSD) approach provides the capacity of an integrated support system as a function of imposed displacements. Reduction in this support capacity due to mining-induced deformation renders excavations increasingly more vulnerable if located within the influence of active mining and seismic activity. Because deformation measurements are robust indicators of the decay in support capacity, scanning and other displacement monitoring technologies enable measurements to verify the DBSD approach, to assess the remnant safety margin of the deformed support, and to make operational support maintenance decisions.

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Keywords: Deep mining, Deformation-based support design (DBSD), Cost-effective support, Support consumption, Preventive support maintenance (PSM)

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P.K. Kaiser, A. Moss, 2022. Deformation-based support design for highly stressed ground with a focus on rockburst damage mitigation. J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 14 (1), 50-66.

Author(s) Information

P.K. Kaiser

✉️ pkgeok@gmail.com

Dr. Peter Kaiser is Professor Emeritus at the Laurentian University, and President of the GeoK Inc., Sudbury, Canada. He is a graduate of the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and the University of Alberta, Canada. He was Chair for Rock Engineering and Ground Control at Laurentian University in Canada and President of MIRARCO, a mining research centre he founded in 1997. Between 2007 and 2015, he was seconded to the Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation (CEMI) as Founding Director and then as Director of the Rio Tinto Centre for Underground Mine Construction. He is a specialist in applied research for underground mining and construction and brings extensive experience from the industrial and academic sectors. He has supported contractors, mining companies and public sector clients in claims and litigations on four continents. He is the author of more than 400 technical and scientific publications and is a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada and the Canadian Academy of Engineers. He was awarded the J.C. Smith Medal for “Achievements in the Development of Canada” and selected to present the Sir Allan Muir Wood lecture at the World Tunnelling Congress 2016 on “Challenges of tunnel constructability”, and the Müller lecture at the ISRM Congress 2019 entitled “From common to best practices in underground rock engineering”.